{
  "meta": {
    "id": "de-placement-100",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "title": "Einstufungstest Deutsch",
    "subtitle": "A1–C2 · 100 Fragen",
    "contentLanguage": "de",
    "explanationLanguage": "en",
    "source": "Test kwalifikacyjny — Język niemiecki A1–C2 (teacher handout)",
    "questionCount": 100,
    "estimatedMinutes": 35,
    "bands": [
      {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 19,
        "label": "A1",
        "detail": "A1.1 0–13 / A1.2 14–19",
        "levels": "1–2"
      },
      {
        "min": 20,
        "max": 29,
        "label": "A2",
        "detail": "",
        "levels": "3–4"
      },
      {
        "min": 30,
        "max": 45,
        "label": "B1",
        "detail": "",
        "levels": "5–6"
      },
      {
        "min": 46,
        "max": 55,
        "label": "B1+",
        "detail": "B1/B2",
        "levels": "7–8"
      },
      {
        "min": 56,
        "max": 65,
        "label": "B2",
        "detail": "",
        "levels": "9–10"
      },
      {
        "min": 66,
        "max": 75,
        "label": "C1",
        "detail": "",
        "levels": "11–12"
      },
      {
        "min": 76,
        "max": 89,
        "label": "C1+",
        "detail": "C1/C2",
        "levels": "13–14"
      },
      {
        "min": 90,
        "max": 97,
        "label": "C2",
        "detail": "",
        "levels": "15–16"
      },
      {
        "min": 98,
        "max": 100,
        "label": "C2",
        "detail": "",
        "levels": "17–18"
      }
    ],
    "topics": {
      "wfragen": {
        "label": "Question words & wo(r)- forms",
        "blurb": "wer/wen/wem, wann vs wenn, and the wo(r)- compounds built on prepositions."
      },
      "kasus": {
        "label": "Cases, articles & endings",
        "blurb": "Which case the slot needs, then which gender and number the noun is."
      },
      "praep": {
        "label": "Prepositions",
        "blurb": "Standalone prepositions and the fixed phrases built on them."
      },
      "rektion": {
        "label": "Verbs & adjectives with a fixed preposition",
        "blurb": "Learn these as three-part units: verb + preposition + case."
      },
      "verbform": {
        "label": "Verb forms & tenses",
        "blurb": "Endings, irregular stems, Perfekt and Präteritum."
      },
      "trennbar": {
        "label": "Separable prefixes",
        "blurb": "Read the stranded prefix together with the verb before choosing."
      },
      "konjunktion": {
        "label": "Conjunctions & clause links",
        "blurb": "wenn/als, indem, aber/sondern — and what each does to word order."
      },
      "konjunktiv": {
        "label": "Konjunktiv II",
        "blurb": "würde + Infinitiv for the present, hätte/wäre + Partizip for the past."
      },
      "passiv": {
        "label": "Passive voice",
        "blurb": "werden-passive, modal passive, and worden vs geworden."
      },
      "pronomen": {
        "label": "Pronouns",
        "blurb": "Nominative, accusative and dative forms of personal pronouns."
      },
      "syntax": {
        "label": "Sentence structure",
        "blurb": "Infinitive clauses with zu, and position vs direction."
      },
      "wortschatz": {
        "label": "Vocabulary & collocations",
        "blurb": "Fixed noun-verb pairings where grammar alone will not decide."
      },
      "wortbildung": {
        "label": "Word formation",
        "blurb": "Prefixes and suffixes that change a word's meaning entirely."
      },
      "idiom": {
        "label": "Idioms & proverbs",
        "blurb": "Quoted word for word; no substitutions allowed."
      },
      "zeit": {
        "label": "Time expressions",
        "blurb": "um/am/im, clock times and parts of the day."
      },
      "partikel": {
        "label": "Modal particles",
        "blurb": "mal, denn, doch, eigentlich — the words that set the tone."
      }
    }
  },
  "questions": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "wfragen",
      "rule": "W-Fragen: wer asks about a person",
      "prompt": "___ bist du? – Ich heiße Klaus.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Wann",
        "b": "Wer",
        "c": "Wie viel",
        "d": "Wie lang"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Wer bist du? – Ich heiße Klaus.",
      "why": "The answer gives a name, so the question must be asking about a person. That is wer.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "wann asks about time.",
        "c": "wie viel asks about quantity.",
        "d": "wie lang asks about duration."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 2,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "wfragen",
      "rule": "woher = from where",
      "prompt": "___ kommt Brigitte?",
      "options": {
        "a": "Was",
        "b": "Wer",
        "c": "Woher",
        "d": "Wie"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Woher kommt Brigitte?",
      "why": "Brigitte is already the subject, so the open slot has to be the origin: woher = from where.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "was would need a thing as the subject.",
        "b": "wer is impossible — the subject is already named.",
        "d": "wie asks about manner, not origin."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "mit + Dativ for means of transport",
      "prompt": "Sie fahren ___ dem Auto.",
      "options": {
        "a": "aus",
        "b": "zu",
        "c": "für",
        "d": "mit"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Sie fahren mit dem Auto.",
      "why": "Means of transport always take mit + Dativ: mit dem Auto, mit dem Zug, mit dem Fahrrad.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "aus means out of.",
        "b": "zu marks a destination, not a vehicle.",
        "c": "für takes the accusative, so für dem is impossible."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 4,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "wohnen in + place",
      "prompt": "Sie wohnt ___ Warszawa.",
      "options": {
        "a": "aus",
        "b": "für",
        "c": "in",
        "d": "mit"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Sie wohnt in Warszawa.",
      "why": "wohnen always pairs with in for the place of residence.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "aus marks origin: Ich komme aus Warszawa.",
        "b": "für never marks a place.",
        "d": "mit marks accompaniment or means."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 5,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "ja / nein must match the statement",
      "prompt": "Haben Sie Geschwister? – ___",
      "options": {
        "a": "Nein, ich habe einen Bruder.",
        "b": "Ja, ich habe keine Geschwister.",
        "c": "Ja, ich habe zwei Brüder.",
        "d": "Nein, ich habe eine Schwester."
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Haben Sie Geschwister? – Ja, ich habe zwei Brüder.",
      "why": "Only c is internally consistent: ja followed by a positive statement.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "Says nein and then names a sibling.",
        "b": "Says ja and then denies having any.",
        "d": "Says nein and then names a sibling."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 6,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "zeit",
      "rule": "halb + next hour",
      "prompt": "Wie spät ist es? – Es ist 11.30 Uhr, das heißt: ___",
      "options": {
        "a": "kurz vor elf",
        "b": "halb zwölf",
        "c": "halb nach zehn",
        "d": "gegen elf"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Es ist halb zwölf.",
      "why": "German counts forward to the next full hour: halb zwölf = half way to twelve = 11.30. Not halb elf.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "kurz vor elf is about 10.55.",
        "c": "halb nach zehn is a word-for-word English calque; German does not say it.",
        "d": "gegen elf means around 11.00."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 7,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "nach + city / article-less country",
      "prompt": "Täglich fahren wir ___ Potsdam.",
      "options": {
        "a": "nach",
        "b": "in",
        "c": "bei",
        "d": "aus"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Täglich fahren wir nach Potsdam.",
      "why": "Direction towards a city or an article-less country takes nach: nach Berlin, nach Polen.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "in would need an article and the accusative: in die Stadt.",
        "c": "bei is static and used with people: bei Anna.",
        "d": "aus marks origin."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 8,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "read the second sentence for the clue",
      "prompt": "Meine Waschmaschine ist ___ . Ich muss sie reparieren.",
      "options": {
        "a": "schnell",
        "b": "gut",
        "c": "kaputt",
        "d": "modern"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Meine Waschmaschine ist kaputt. Ich muss sie reparieren.",
      "why": "The second sentence says it has to be repaired, so the machine must be kaputt (broken).",
      "traps": {
        "a": "All three alternatives are positive, which would make the repair pointless.",
        "b": "All three alternatives are positive, which would make the repair pointless.",
        "d": "All three alternatives are positive, which would make the repair pointless."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 9,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "countries with an article: aus der Schweiz",
      "prompt": "Ich komme ___ Schweiz.",
      "options": {
        "a": "aus",
        "b": "aus der",
        "c": "aus den",
        "d": "nach"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Ich komme aus der Schweiz.",
      "why": "die Schweiz always carries its article. aus takes the dative, and feminine dative is der.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "Bare aus works only for article-less countries: aus Polen, aus Deutschland.",
        "c": "aus den is dative plural: aus den USA, aus den Niederlanden.",
        "d": "nach marks direction, not origin."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 10,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "verbform",
      "rule": "ich + verb ending -e",
      "prompt": "Oft ___ ich Cola.",
      "options": {
        "a": "schmecke",
        "b": "bringe",
        "c": "trinkt",
        "d": "trinke"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Oft trinke ich Cola.",
      "why": "The subject is ich, so the verb takes -e: trinke. Cola trinken is also the everyday collocation being tested.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "schmecken works the other way round: Cola schmeckt mir.",
        "b": "bringe is a valid form but the sentence targets drinking, not carrying.",
        "c": "trinkt is the er/sie/es form."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 11,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "zeit",
      "rule": "in der Nacht is the exception",
      "prompt": "Wir arbeiten ___ Nacht.",
      "options": {
        "a": "am",
        "b": "in der",
        "c": "im",
        "d": "um der"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Wir arbeiten in der Nacht.",
      "why": "Parts of the day take am (am Morgen, am Nachmittag, am Abend) — but die Nacht is the one exception: in der Nacht.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "am = an dem, masculine or neuter; Nacht is feminine.",
        "c": "im = in dem, again not feminine.",
        "d": "um der does not exist — um takes the accusative."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 12,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "wfragen",
      "rule": "woher = from where",
      "prompt": "___ kommt Brigitte?",
      "options": {
        "a": "Was",
        "b": "Wer",
        "c": "Woher",
        "d": "Wie"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Woher kommt Brigitte?",
      "why": "Same as question 2: the subject is already named, so the question is about origin.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "was would need a thing as the subject.",
        "b": "wer is impossible — the subject is already named.",
        "d": "wie asks about manner."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 13,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "zeit",
      "rule": "um + clock time",
      "prompt": "___ 7 Uhr beginnt unser Kurs.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Um",
        "b": "Im",
        "c": "An",
        "d": "Von"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Um 7 Uhr beginnt unser Kurs.",
      "why": "Clock times take um: um 7 Uhr, um halb acht, um Mitternacht.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "im is for months and seasons: im Mai, im Winter.",
        "c": "an is for days: am Montag.",
        "d": "von needs a matching bis: von 7 bis 9 Uhr."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 14,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "verbform",
      "rule": "Präteritum of sein: du warst",
      "prompt": "Wo ___ du gestern Abend?",
      "options": {
        "a": "bist",
        "b": "war",
        "c": "ist",
        "d": "warst"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Wo warst du gestern Abend?",
      "why": "gestern puts the sentence in the past, and sein is normally used in the Präteritum. The du form is warst.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "bist is present tense.",
        "b": "war is the ich and er/sie/es form.",
        "c": "ist is present, third person."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 15,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "kasus",
      "rule": "Wechselpräposition: position → Dativ",
      "prompt": "Der Tisch steht neben ___ Sofa.",
      "options": {
        "a": "das",
        "b": "dem",
        "c": "der",
        "d": "die"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Der Tisch steht neben dem Sofa.",
      "why": "neben is a two-way preposition. stehen describes a position, not a movement, so it takes the dative: das Sofa → dem Sofa.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "das would be right after a verb of motion: Ich stelle den Tisch neben das Sofa.",
        "c": "der is the wrong gender — Sofa is neuter.",
        "d": "die is the wrong gender — Sofa is neuter."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 16,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "verbform",
      "rule": "sein, 3rd person singular",
      "prompt": "Meine Freundin ___ Managerin.",
      "options": {
        "a": "ist",
        "b": "bist",
        "c": "willst",
        "d": "wohnt"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Meine Freundin ist Managerin.",
      "why": "Meine Freundin is third person singular, so sein becomes ist. Note that professions take no article after sein.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "bist belongs to du.",
        "c": "willst belongs to du and changes the meaning.",
        "d": "wohnt would need a place, not a profession."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 17,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "verbform",
      "rule": "möchten, du form",
      "prompt": "Was ___ du essen?",
      "options": {
        "a": "müssen",
        "b": "möchtest",
        "c": "kanntest",
        "d": "sollte"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Was möchtest du essen?",
      "why": "du needs the -st ending on a modal: möchtest.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "müssen is the infinitive or plural form.",
        "c": "kanntest is the past of kennen, not of können.",
        "d": "sollte belongs to ich or er/sie/es."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 18,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "Ski fahren",
      "prompt": "Im Winter fahren wir ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "Kino",
        "b": "Ski",
        "c": "Judo",
        "d": "Domino"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Im Winter fahren wir Ski.",
      "why": "Ski fahren is a fixed pairing, like Rad fahren and Auto fahren.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "Kino needs gehen: ins Kino gehen.",
        "c": "Judo needs machen.",
        "d": "Domino needs spielen."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 19,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "pronomen",
      "rule": "zu + Dativ",
      "prompt": "Wann kommst du zu ___ ?",
      "options": {
        "a": "mich",
        "b": "dich",
        "c": "mir",
        "d": "ihn"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Wann kommst du zu mir?",
      "why": "zu always takes the dative, and the dative of ich is mir.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "mich is accusative.",
        "b": "dich is accusative — and would mean coming to yourself.",
        "d": "ihn is accusative."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 20,
      "level": "A1",
      "topic": "verbform",
      "rule": "können for polite requests",
      "prompt": "___ du mir bitte helfen?",
      "options": {
        "a": "Sollst",
        "b": "Darfst",
        "c": "Kannst",
        "d": "Musst"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Kannst du mir bitte helfen?",
      "why": "A polite request uses können, reinforced by bitte: Kannst du mir bitte helfen?",
      "traps": {
        "a": "sollst expresses an obligation imposed by someone else.",
        "b": "darfst asks about permission.",
        "d": "musst turns the request into a command."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 21,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "verbform",
      "rule": "gehen – ging – gegangen",
      "prompt": "Wann bist du in die Stadt ___ ?",
      "options": {
        "a": "gegeht",
        "b": "gegangen",
        "c": "gegehen",
        "d": "gefahrt"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Wann bist du in die Stadt gegangen?",
      "why": "gehen is a strong verb: gehen – ging – gegangen, and it forms the Perfekt with sein.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "gegeht is an invented weak form.",
        "c": "gegehen is not a word.",
        "d": "The participle of fahren is gefahren, not gefahrt."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 22,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "verbform",
      "rule": "helfen is irregular: du hilfst",
      "prompt": "Warum ___ du nichts?",
      "options": {
        "a": "bringt",
        "b": "helfst",
        "c": "sagst",
        "d": "macht"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Warum sagst du nichts?",
      "why": "Two things rule out the alternatives: the du ending -st, and the fact that nichts is an accusative object.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "bringt is the er form; du would be bringst.",
        "b": "helfen is irregular — du hilfst, not helfst — and it takes a dative person, not nichts.",
        "d": "macht is the er form; du would be machst."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 23,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "wfragen",
      "rule": "wo(r)- + preposition for things",
      "prompt": "___ fährst du in Urlaub?",
      "options": {
        "a": "Womit",
        "b": "Wonach",
        "c": "Woher",
        "d": "Woraus"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Womit fährst du in Urlaub?",
      "why": "Work backwards from the answer: mit dem Auto → womit. The wo(r)- form is built from the preposition the answer would use.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "wonach asks about nach: Wonach suchst du?",
        "c": "woher asks about origin.",
        "d": "woraus asks what something is made of."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 24,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "eine Pause machen",
      "prompt": "Jetzt machen wir eine kurze ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "Zeit",
        "b": "Punkt",
        "c": "Pause",
        "d": "Thema"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Jetzt machen wir eine kurze Pause.",
      "why": "eine Pause machen is the fixed collocation — and eine already tells you the noun must be feminine.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "eine Zeit machen is not German.",
        "b": "der Punkt is masculine, so eine is impossible.",
        "d": "das Thema is neuter."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 25,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "rektion",
      "rule": "gefallen + Dativ",
      "prompt": "Wie ist dein Tanzkurs? Super, er ___ mir sehr gut.",
      "options": {
        "a": "finde",
        "b": "fällt",
        "c": "sieht",
        "d": "gefällt"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Super, er gefällt mir sehr gut.",
      "why": "gefallen takes a dative person: Der Kurs gefällt mir. The mir already in the sentence points straight to it.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "finde needs ich and an accusative: Ich finde ihn gut.",
        "b": "fällt means falls.",
        "c": "sieht would need aus: Er sieht gut aus."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 26,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "kasus",
      "rule": "possessive, accusative plural",
      "prompt": "Er besucht heute ___ Eltern.",
      "options": {
        "a": "ihren",
        "b": "seine",
        "c": "seinen",
        "d": "deiner"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Er besucht heute seine Eltern.",
      "why": "Eltern is plural and it is the direct object, so the accusative plural of sein is seine.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "ihren refers to a female owner and has the wrong ending.",
        "c": "seinen is masculine singular accusative (seinen Vater) or dative plural (mit seinen Eltern).",
        "d": "deiner is the wrong owner and the wrong case."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 27,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "klar = understandable",
      "prompt": "Ist die Aufgabe für alle ___ ?",
      "options": {
        "a": "hoch",
        "b": "klar",
        "c": "teuer",
        "d": "breit"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Ist die Aufgabe für alle klar?",
      "why": "klar means clear or understandable — the only adjective that can describe a task.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "hoch describes height.",
        "c": "teuer describes price.",
        "d": "breit describes width."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 28,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "wortbildung",
      "rule": "verstehen – verstand – verstanden",
      "prompt": "Hast du meine Frage ___ ?",
      "options": {
        "a": "bestanden",
        "b": "verstanden",
        "c": "anstanden",
        "d": "ausstanden"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Hast du meine Frage verstanden?",
      "why": "eine Frage verstehen — the participle is verstanden. The inseparable prefix ver- means no ge- is added.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "bestanden means passed, as in an exam: Ich habe die Prüfung bestanden.",
        "c": "anstanden is not a participle used this way.",
        "d": "ausstanden is not a participle used this way."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 29,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "kasus",
      "rule": "masculine accusative: einen …-en",
      "prompt": "Sie hat ___ ___ Job.",
      "options": {
        "a": "eine gute",
        "b": "einen guten",
        "c": "ein gutes",
        "d": "einer guten"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Sie hat einen guten Job.",
      "why": "der Job is masculine and it is the object of haben, so it takes the accusative. Masculine accusative is the only one that visibly changes: ein → einen, and the adjective follows with -en.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "eine gute is feminine.",
        "c": "ein gutes is neuter.",
        "d": "einer guten is feminine dative or genitive."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 30,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "wfragen",
      "rule": "wann = question, wenn = if/whenever",
      "prompt": "___ bist du hier?",
      "options": {
        "a": "Seit wenn",
        "b": "Seit wie",
        "c": "Seit wann",
        "d": "Seit wo"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Seit wann bist du hier?",
      "why": "Seit wann? asks since when or how long. The pair to burn in: wann is the question word, wenn is the conjunction meaning if or whenever.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "wenn is never a question word.",
        "b": "wie asks about manner and cannot follow seit.",
        "d": "wo asks about place."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 31,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "pronomen",
      "rule": "kennen + Akkusativ",
      "prompt": "Kennst du ___ ?",
      "options": {
        "a": "mir",
        "b": "sie",
        "c": "ihr",
        "d": "ihm"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Kennst du sie?",
      "why": "kennen takes a direct object, so the pronoun must be accusative: sie (her or them).",
      "traps": {
        "a": "mir is dative.",
        "c": "ihr is dative singular or the ihr subject form.",
        "d": "ihm is dative — it only appears after dative verbs like helfen, danken, gefallen."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 32,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "pronomen",
      "rule": "sehen + Akkusativ",
      "prompt": "Siehst du ___ ?",
      "options": {
        "a": "mir",
        "b": "ihm",
        "c": "ich",
        "d": "ihn"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Siehst du ihn?",
      "why": "sehen takes a direct object, so the masculine pronoun is ihn.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "mir is dative.",
        "b": "ihm is dative.",
        "c": "ich is nominative and would be a second subject."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 33,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "Was kann ich für Sie tun?",
      "prompt": "Guten Tag. Was kann ich für Sie ___ ?",
      "options": {
        "a": "ansprechen",
        "b": "tun",
        "c": "bitten",
        "d": "werden"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Was kann ich für Sie tun?",
      "why": "Was kann ich für Sie tun? is the fixed service phrase — learn it whole.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "ansprechen means to approach or address someone.",
        "c": "bitten needs um: jemanden um etwas bitten.",
        "d": "werden means to become."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 34,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "verbform",
      "rule": "lesen – las – gelesen",
      "prompt": "Wer hat den Artikel schon ___ ?",
      "options": {
        "a": "gelest",
        "b": "gelesen",
        "c": "gesieht",
        "d": "gemachtet"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Wer hat den Artikel schon gelesen?",
      "why": "lesen is a strong verb: lesen – las – gelesen.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "gelest applies a weak ending to a strong verb.",
        "c": "The participle of sehen is gesehen; gesieht is not a word.",
        "d": "The participle of machen is gemacht."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 35,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "ein Konto eröffnen",
      "prompt": "Ich möchte ein Konto ___ und habe einige Fragen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "eröffnen",
        "b": "einzahlen",
        "c": "rennen",
        "d": "aufnehmen"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Ich möchte ein Konto eröffnen und habe einige Fragen.",
      "why": "ein Konto eröffnen is the banking collocation for opening an account.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "einzahlen is what you do with money, not an account: Geld einzahlen.",
        "c": "rennen means to run.",
        "d": "aufnehmen fits a loan: einen Kredit aufnehmen."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 36,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "let the article narrow the field",
      "prompt": "Sophia hat vor einem Monat den ___ gemacht. Jetzt sucht sie eine Stelle.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Hochzeit",
        "b": "Arbeit",
        "c": "Master",
        "d": "Picknick"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Sophia hat vor einem Monat den Master gemacht.",
      "why": "den signals a masculine noun, which kills two options immediately. And only finishing a Master explains why she is now looking for a job.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "die Hochzeit is feminine.",
        "b": "die Arbeit is feminine.",
        "d": "das Picknick is neuter and does not explain the job hunt."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 37,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "trennbar",
      "rule": "etwas vorhaben = to have plans",
      "prompt": "Ich kann leider nicht kommen. Ich habe schon etwas ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "zurück",
        "b": "an",
        "c": "ein",
        "d": "vor"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Ich habe schon etwas vor.",
      "why": "etwas vorhaben means to have plans. The separable prefix vor lands at the end of the clause.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "zurückhaben means to have something back.",
        "b": "anhaben means to be wearing something.",
        "c": "einhaben is not a verb."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 38,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "konjunktion",
      "rule": "aber joins two contrasting main clauses",
      "prompt": "Witikon liegt etwas außerhalb, ___ es hat gute Verkehrsverbindungen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "aber",
        "b": "sondern",
        "c": "oder",
        "d": "trotzdem"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Witikon liegt etwas außerhalb, aber es hat gute Verkehrsverbindungen.",
      "why": "Two full main clauses in contrast are joined by aber, which does not affect word order.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "sondern needs a preceding negation: nicht … sondern.",
        "c": "oder offers an alternative, not a contrast.",
        "d": "trotzdem is close in meaning but changes the word order: trotzdem hat es gute Verbindungen."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 39,
      "level": "A2",
      "topic": "konjunktion",
      "rule": "comparative + als",
      "prompt": "Die erste Wohnung ist größer ___ die zweite.",
      "options": {
        "a": "von",
        "b": "als",
        "c": "wie",
        "d": "ab"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Die erste Wohnung ist größer als die zweite.",
      "why": "After a comparative (größer, besser, mehr) German uses als. wie is only for equality: so groß wie.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "von is not used in comparisons.",
        "c": "wie after a comparative is common in dialect but wrong in standard German.",
        "d": "ab marks a starting point in time or place."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 40,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "wfragen",
      "rule": "erkennen an + Dativ → woran",
      "prompt": "___ erkenne ich den Mann, der morgen kommen soll?",
      "options": {
        "a": "Woran",
        "b": "Womit",
        "c": "Worüber",
        "d": "Was"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Woran erkenne ich den Mann, der morgen kommen soll?",
      "why": "jemanden erkennen an + Dativ (an der Jacke, an der Stimme). The wo(r)- form of an is woran.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "womit asks about an instrument.",
        "c": "worüber asks about a topic.",
        "d": "was cannot carry the preposition the verb requires."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 41,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "kasus",
      "rule": "sein = position → in + Dativ",
      "prompt": "___ Stadt bist du am Wochenende gewesen?",
      "options": {
        "a": "In welche",
        "b": "In welcher",
        "c": "Auf welches",
        "d": "Zu welche"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "In welcher Stadt bist du am Wochenende gewesen?",
      "why": "sein describes a position, not a movement, so in takes the dative: in welcher Stadt.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "in welche is accusative — right only with a verb of motion: In welche Stadt fährst du?",
        "c": "auf is not used with cities.",
        "d": "zu welche mixes a dative preposition with an accusative ending."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 42,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "wfragen",
      "rule": "warten auf + Akkusativ → auf wen",
      "prompt": "___ hast du gestern so lange gewartet?",
      "options": {
        "a": "Zu wen",
        "b": "Auf wenn",
        "c": "Auf wem",
        "d": "Auf wen"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Auf wen hast du gestern so lange gewartet?",
      "why": "warten auf takes the accusative, and for a person you keep the preposition and decline wer: auf wen.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "warten does not take zu.",
        "b": "wenn is a conjunction and never a question word.",
        "c": "wem is dative; warten auf needs the accusative."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 43,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "wfragen",
      "rule": "Wobei kann ich helfen?",
      "prompt": "___ kann ich dir helfen?",
      "options": {
        "a": "Wofür",
        "b": "Wem",
        "c": "Wen",
        "d": "Wobei"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Wobei kann ich dir helfen?",
      "why": "wobei asks with what or in what respect — the standard way to offer help.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "wofür asks about purpose.",
        "b": "wem is impossible: dir is already the dative object.",
        "c": "wen is accusative, but helfen takes the dative."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 44,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "an dieser Stelle",
      "prompt": "___ dieser Stelle machen wir am besten eine Pause.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Vor",
        "b": "An",
        "c": "Zu",
        "d": "Mit"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "An dieser Stelle machen wir am besten eine Pause.",
      "why": "an dieser Stelle means at this point. German uses an for points and edges: an der Ecke, an der Tür, an der Grenze.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "vor dieser Stelle would mean before reaching it.",
        "c": "zu does not combine with Stelle this way.",
        "d": "mit marks accompaniment."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 45,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "Kleidung anprobieren",
      "prompt": "Darf ich die Hose ___ ? – Ja, klar. Die Umkleidekabinen sind dort drüben.",
      "options": {
        "a": "anprobieren",
        "b": "versuchen",
        "c": "betragen",
        "d": "austragen"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Darf ich die Hose anprobieren?",
      "why": "anprobieren is the word for trying on clothes — confirmed by the mention of Umkleidekabinen.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "versuchen means to attempt an action.",
        "c": "betragen means to amount to: Die Rechnung beträgt 50 Euro.",
        "d": "austragen means to deliver post or to hold a contest."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 46,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "konjunktion",
      "rule": "wenn = whenever (repeated action)",
      "prompt": "Klaus nimmt immer etwas Bargeld mit, ___ er einkaufen geht.",
      "options": {
        "a": "als",
        "b": "dass",
        "c": "wenn",
        "d": "um zu"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Klaus nimmt immer etwas Bargeld mit, wenn er einkaufen geht.",
      "why": "immer signals a repeated action in the present, which takes wenn (whenever).",
      "traps": {
        "a": "als is only for one single completed event in the past: Als ich Kind war …",
        "b": "dass introduces a content clause, not a time clause.",
        "d": "um … zu needs a bare infinitive, but this clause has a conjugated verb (geht)."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 47,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "entlang follows the accusative noun",
      "prompt": "Er soll die Kärntner Straße ___ gehen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "gegenüber",
        "b": "zu",
        "c": "entlang",
        "d": "neben"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Er soll die Kärntner Straße entlang gehen.",
      "why": "entlang means along and is unusual: it comes after the noun and takes the accusative. die Straße entlang, den Fluss entlang.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "gegenüber means opposite and takes the dative.",
        "b": "zu would need to precede the noun with a dative.",
        "d": "neben would also precede the noun."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 48,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "zu + festival",
      "prompt": "___ Weihnachten trifft sich bei uns die ganze Familie.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Auf",
        "b": "Zu",
        "c": "In",
        "d": "Zur"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Zu Weihnachten trifft sich bei uns die ganze Familie.",
      "why": "Festivals take zu: zu Weihnachten, zu Ostern, zu Silvester. (an Weihnachten is also heard in the south.)",
      "traps": {
        "a": "auf is not used with festivals.",
        "c": "in is for months and seasons.",
        "d": "zur = zu der, but Weihnachten takes no article here."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 49,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "countries with an article: in die Schweiz",
      "prompt": "Sie sind am Montag ___ Schweiz geflogen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "nach der",
        "b": "in die",
        "c": "in der",
        "d": "nach dem"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Sie sind am Montag in die Schweiz geflogen.",
      "why": "Countries that carry an article — die Schweiz, die Türkei, die USA, der Iran — take in + Akkusativ for direction.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "nach never combines with an article.",
        "c": "in der is dative, which marks a position, not a movement.",
        "d": "nach dem is doubly wrong: wrong preposition and wrong gender."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 50,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "kasus",
      "rule": "relative pronoun: gender from the noun, case from its own clause",
      "prompt": "Die Entscheidung, mit ___ niemand gerechnet hatte, kam gestern.",
      "options": {
        "a": "das",
        "b": "die",
        "c": "dem",
        "d": "der"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Die Entscheidung, mit der niemand gerechnet hatte, kam gestern.",
      "why": "A relative pronoun takes its gender from the noun it refers to (die Entscheidung, feminine) and its case from its own clause (mit → dative). Feminine dative is der.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "das is neuter.",
        "b": "die is nominative or accusative, but mit forces the dative.",
        "c": "dem is masculine or neuter dative."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 51,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "zum = zu dem + du-imperative nimm",
      "prompt": "Wie komme ich ___ Bahnhof? – ___ die Buslinie 15 und fahr bis zum Schillerplatz.",
      "options": {
        "a": "zum … nimm",
        "b": "zur … nimme",
        "c": "zu das … nimm",
        "d": "zur … nehme"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Wie komme ich zum Bahnhof? – Nimm die Buslinie 15.",
      "why": "Two things at once. der Bahnhof is masculine, so zu dem contracts to zum. And the du-imperative of nehmen is nimm: strong verbs with e→i keep the stem change and drop the ending (nimm, gib, sprich, lies).",
      "traps": {
        "b": "zur is zu der (feminine), and nimme is not a form.",
        "c": "zu always takes the dative, so zu das is impossible.",
        "d": "nehme is the ich form, not an imperative."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 52,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "passiv",
      "rule": "Präteritum Passiv: wurde + Partizip II",
      "prompt": "Die Firma Ritter Sport ___ 1912 ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "wurde … gegründet",
        "b": "wurdet … gegründen",
        "c": "wird … gegründen",
        "d": "ist … gründen"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Die Firma Ritter Sport wurde 1912 gegründet.",
      "why": "Past passive = wurde + Partizip II. The company did not found anything; it was founded.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "wurdet is the ihr form, and gegründen is not a word.",
        "c": "wird is present tense — wrong for 1912.",
        "d": "ist … gründen is not a valid construction."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 53,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "rektion",
      "rule": "sich gewöhnen an + Akkusativ",
      "prompt": "Sophia kann sich nicht an unser Klima ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "achten",
        "b": "verzichten",
        "c": "gewöhnen",
        "d": "könntest"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Sophia kann sich nicht an unser Klima gewöhnen.",
      "why": "sich gewöhnen an + Akkusativ = to get used to. Both the sich and the an are already printed in the sentence.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "achten takes auf: auf etwas achten.",
        "b": "verzichten takes auf: auf etwas verzichten.",
        "d": "könntest is a conjugated modal, but the slot after kann needs an infinitive."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 54,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "rektion",
      "rule": "bestehen aus + Dativ",
      "prompt": "Unsere Gruppe ___ aus 10 Personen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "macht",
        "b": "zählt",
        "c": "besteht",
        "d": "kommt"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Unsere Gruppe besteht aus 10 Personen.",
      "why": "bestehen aus = to consist of. The aus already in the sentence decides it.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "machen does not combine with aus this way.",
        "b": "zählen is close in meaning but takes no aus: Die Gruppe zählt 10 Personen.",
        "d": "kommen aus would mean the group originates from ten people."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 55,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "konjunktion",
      "rule": "entweder … oder",
      "prompt": "Was machen wir am Abend? – Wir können ___ ins Theater ___ ins Kino gehen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "nicht nur … aber",
        "b": "entweder … oder",
        "c": "weder … nicht",
        "d": "oder … aber"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Wir können entweder ins Theater oder ins Kino gehen.",
      "why": "Two alternatives are joined by the pair entweder … oder.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "nicht nur must be followed by sondern auch.",
        "c": "weder must be followed by noch.",
        "d": "oder … aber is not a fixed pair."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 56,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "irgendein is a determiner, irgendjemand a pronoun",
      "prompt": "Ach, ___ Freund von mir muss doch hier sein.",
      "options": {
        "a": "irgendjemand",
        "b": "niemand",
        "c": "irgendein",
        "d": "irgendwo"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Ach, irgendein Freund von mir muss doch hier sein.",
      "why": "Freund is a noun and needs a determiner in front of it, so the form must be irgendein.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "irgendjemand stands alone as a pronoun: Irgendjemand muss hier sein.",
        "b": "niemand contradicts muss … sein.",
        "d": "irgendwo is an adverb of place and cannot modify a noun."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 57,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "passiv",
      "rule": "Modalverb + Partizip II + werden",
      "prompt": "Das Abendlicht ___ im Tunnel ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "muss … eingeschaltet werden",
        "b": "wird … eingeschaltet müssen",
        "c": "muss … einschalten",
        "d": "werden … eingeschaltet müssen"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Das Abendlicht muss im Tunnel eingeschaltet werden.",
      "why": "A modal with a passive is built as Modalverb + Partizip II + werden: muss eingeschaltet werden.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "Putting müssen last is only possible in a subordinate clause with a double infinitive.",
        "c": "This is active — the light would be switching something on itself.",
        "d": "werden does not agree with the singular subject, and müssen is in the wrong position."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 58,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "passiv",
      "rule": "Perfekt Passiv: ist … worden (never geworden)",
      "prompt": "Der Radfahrer ___ nicht ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "sind … verletzt werden",
        "b": "ist … verletzt worden",
        "c": "wird … verletzen sein",
        "d": "ist … verletzen geworden"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Der Radfahrer ist nicht verletzt worden.",
      "why": "Perfect passive = sein + Partizip II + worden. In the passive, werden always becomes worden, never geworden.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "sind does not agree with the singular Radfahrer.",
        "c": "verletzen sein is not a valid form.",
        "d": "geworden belongs to the full verb werden (Er ist Arzt geworden), not to the passive."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 59,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "syntax",
      "rule": "infinitive clause with zu",
      "prompt": "Monika findet es gut, andere öfter ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "zu besuchen",
        "b": "besuchen",
        "c": "besucht",
        "d": "besuchen können"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Monika findet es gut, andere öfter zu besuchen.",
      "why": "The es in the main clause points forward to an infinitive clause, which needs zu + Infinitiv.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "A bare infinitive appears only after modals and a few verbs like sehen and hören.",
        "c": "besucht is a participle.",
        "d": "Adding a modal here needs zu as well: besuchen zu können."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 60,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "Klingt gut / Klingt spannend",
      "prompt": "Wie wäre es denn, wenn wir heute noch einen Ausflug machen würden? – ___ spannend.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Hört",
        "b": "Laut",
        "c": "Klingelt",
        "d": "Klingt"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Klingt spannend.",
      "why": "Klingt spannend is how you react to a suggestion — the equivalent of sounds exciting.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "hören needs sich an: Das hört sich spannend an.",
        "b": "laut is an adjective, not a verb.",
        "c": "klingeln means to ring, like a doorbell."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 61,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "idiom",
      "rule": "fixed simile",
      "prompt": "schlau wie ___",
      "options": {
        "a": "ein Hase",
        "b": "ein Fuchs",
        "c": "eine Frau",
        "d": "eine Giraffe"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "schlau wie ein Fuchs",
      "why": "Fixed simile: schlau wie ein Fuchs (sly as a fox). Others in the set: stark wie ein Bär, stur wie ein Esel, frei wie ein Vogel.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "The hare stands for speed, not cunning.",
        "c": "Not a fixed simile.",
        "d": "Not a fixed simile."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 62,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "idiom",
      "rule": "fixed simile",
      "prompt": "fleißig wie ___",
      "options": {
        "a": "ein Wolf",
        "b": "ein Staubsauger",
        "c": "ein Maulwurf",
        "d": "eine Biene"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "fleißig wie eine Biene",
      "why": "Fixed simile: fleißig wie eine Biene — busy as a bee.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "The wolf stands for hunger: Ich habe einen Bärenhunger.",
        "b": "Not a German simile.",
        "c": "The mole is associated with digging and blindness, not diligence."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 63,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "konjunktiv",
      "rule": "würde + Infinitiv in the main clause",
      "prompt": "Du hast heute im Lotto gespielt. Was ___ du machen, wenn du gewonnen hättest?",
      "options": {
        "a": "würdest",
        "b": "wirst",
        "c": "werdest",
        "d": "wird"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Was würdest du machen, wenn du gewonnen hättest?",
      "why": "hättest gewonnen puts the wenn-clause in Konjunktiv II, so the main clause has to match: würde + Infinitiv. Subject du → würdest.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "wirst is the indicative future.",
        "c": "werdest is Konjunktiv I, used for reported speech.",
        "d": "wird is third person."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 64,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "idiom",
      "rule": "proverb, quoted word for word",
      "prompt": "In der Ruhe liegt ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "die Zukunft",
        "b": "das Glück",
        "c": "die Kraft",
        "d": "die Lösung"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "In der Ruhe liegt die Kraft.",
      "why": "A proverb: strength lies in calm. Proverbs allow no substitutions, however sensible the alternative sounds.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "Grammatically fine, but not the proverb.",
        "b": "Grammatically fine, but not the proverb.",
        "d": "Grammatically fine, but not the proverb."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 65,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "idiom",
      "rule": "proverb",
      "prompt": "Ende gut, ___ gut.",
      "options": {
        "a": "das ist",
        "b": "alles",
        "c": "viel",
        "d": "der Tag ist"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Ende gut, alles gut.",
      "why": "Proverb: all's well that ends well. The elliptical structure mirrors Ende gut with alles gut.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "Breaks the ellipsis.",
        "c": "Not the proverb.",
        "d": "Breaks the ellipsis."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 66,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "trennbar",
      "rule": "eine Liste zusammenstellen",
      "prompt": "Sie ___ die Gästeliste ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "laden … ein",
        "b": "stellen … zusammen",
        "c": "haben … an",
        "d": "haben … nach"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Sie stellen die Gästeliste zusammen.",
      "why": "You einladen the guests, but you zusammenstellen (compile) the list. Check what the object actually is before choosing the verb.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "einladen takes people as its object, not a list.",
        "c": "anhaben means to be wearing something.",
        "d": "nachhaben is not a verb."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 67,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "the article eliminates two options for free",
      "prompt": "Wer das ist? Ich habe nicht mal eine ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "Vorschlag",
        "b": "Lage",
        "c": "Angebot",
        "d": "Vermutung"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Ich habe nicht mal eine Vermutung.",
      "why": "eine demands a feminine noun, which rules out der Vorschlag and das Angebot before you even weigh the meaning. Then Vermutung (a guess) is the only sensible one.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "der Vorschlag is masculine, and a suggestion is not a guess.",
        "b": "die Lage is feminine but means situation or position.",
        "c": "das Angebot is neuter."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 68,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "bei for circumstances",
      "prompt": "___ diesem Thema gehen die Meinungen auseinander.",
      "options": {
        "a": "In",
        "b": "Für",
        "c": "Durch",
        "d": "Bei"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Bei diesem Thema gehen die Meinungen auseinander.",
      "why": "bei diesem Thema means on this topic or when it comes to this. bei covers circumstances, not just places: bei der Arbeit, bei Regen, bei dieser Frage.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "in diesem Thema is not idiomatic.",
        "b": "für marks purpose or benefit.",
        "c": "durch marks a means or a path."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 69,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "trennbar",
      "rule": "aufschreiben = to write down",
      "prompt": "Schreib die Wörter am besten ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "zu",
        "b": "auf",
        "c": "bei",
        "d": "über"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Schreib die Wörter am besten auf.",
      "why": "aufschreiben means to write down or note. Compare abschreiben (copy), umschreiben (paraphrase), unterschreiben (sign).",
      "traps": {
        "a": "zuschreiben means to attribute something to someone.",
        "c": "beischreiben is not standard.",
        "d": "überschreiben means to overwrite or to head a text."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 70,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "wortbildung",
      "rule": "bestellen = to order",
      "prompt": "Werden wir etwas beim Kellner ___stellen?",
      "options": {
        "a": "ver",
        "b": "aus",
        "c": "an",
        "d": "be"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Werden wir etwas beim Kellner bestellen?",
      "why": "bestellen means to order. The Kellner is the giveaway.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "verstellen means to adjust or to block.",
        "b": "ausstellen means to exhibit or to issue a document.",
        "c": "anstellen means to hire or to switch on."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 71,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "kasus",
      "rule": "genitive relative pronoun: deren (f/pl) vs dessen (m/n)",
      "prompt": "Die Reiseführerin, ___ Tipps sehr gut waren, kommt aus Brasilien.",
      "options": {
        "a": "dem",
        "b": "deren",
        "c": "dessen",
        "d": "die"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Die Reiseführerin, deren Tipps sehr gut waren, kommt aus Brasilien.",
      "why": "The tips belong to her, so the relative pronoun is genitive. For a feminine noun (and for all plurals) that form is deren.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "dem is dative.",
        "c": "dessen is the masculine and neuter genitive.",
        "d": "die cannot express possession."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 72,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "rektion",
      "rule": "sich bedanken für + Akkusativ",
      "prompt": "Ich bedanke mich ___ ___ Einladung zu Ihrer Abschiedsfeier. Leider muss ich absagen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "für die",
        "b": "bei dem",
        "c": "über die",
        "d": "wegen der"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Ich bedanke mich für die Einladung.",
      "why": "sich bedanken für + Akkusativ names the thing you are thanking for; die Einladung is feminine accusative.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "bei names the person you thank: Ich bedanke mich bei Ihnen.",
        "c": "über belongs to sich freuen.",
        "d": "wegen takes the genitive and means because of, which changes the meaning."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 73,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "partikel",
      "rule": "mal softens an imperative",
      "prompt": "Schau ___ auf die Uhr. (Bitte / Aufforderung)",
      "options": {
        "a": "denn",
        "b": "eigentlich",
        "c": "mal",
        "d": "zwar"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Schau mal auf die Uhr.",
      "why": "mal turns a bare command into a friendly request: Schau mal, Komm mal her, Warte mal.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "denn belongs in questions: Was machst du denn?",
        "b": "eigentlich means actually and shifts the topic.",
        "d": "zwar needs a following aber."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 74,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "konjunktiv",
      "rule": "würde + Infinitiv … wenn … könnte",
      "prompt": "Ich ___ eine Band ___ , wenn ich gut singen ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "würde … gründen … könnte",
        "b": "wäre … gründen … hätte",
        "c": "hätte … gründen … wäre",
        "d": "wären … gründen … hätte"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Ich würde eine Band gründen, wenn ich gut singen könnte.",
      "why": "Both halves need Konjunktiv II. The main clause takes würde + Infinitiv, and singen is an ability, so the wenn-clause takes könnte.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "wäre gründen is not a valid construction.",
        "c": "hätte gründen is not valid either, and wäre does not fit singen.",
        "d": "wären does not agree with ich."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 75,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "idiom",
      "rule": "jemanden aus den Augen verlieren",
      "prompt": "Mit meiner Kindergartenfreundin Paula habe ich immer noch Kontakt. Wir haben uns nie ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "betrachtet",
        "b": "ein Auge zugetan",
        "c": "gesehen",
        "d": "aus den Augen verloren"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Wir haben uns nie aus den Augen verloren.",
      "why": "sich aus den Augen verlieren = to lose touch. With nie it means they never lost touch — consistent with immer noch Kontakt.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "betrachten means to look at or consider.",
        "b": "kein Auge zutun means not to sleep a wink.",
        "c": "nie gesehen would contradict the first sentence."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 76,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "handlungsarm = short on plot",
      "prompt": "Wenn in einem Film nicht viel passiert, ist er ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "turbulent",
        "b": "geizig",
        "c": "abwechslungsreich",
        "d": "handlungsarm"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "… ist er handlungsarm.",
      "why": "handlungsarm is built from Handlung (plot) + arm (poor in) — literally short on plot.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "turbulent is the opposite.",
        "b": "geizig means stingy and describes people.",
        "c": "abwechslungsreich means varied — also the opposite."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 77,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "rektion",
      "rule": "verrückt sein nach + Dativ",
      "prompt": "Sie ist ganz verrückt ___ dem neuen Song von Mark Forster.",
      "options": {
        "a": "auf",
        "b": "für",
        "c": "in",
        "d": "nach"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Sie ist ganz verrückt nach dem neuen Song.",
      "why": "verrückt sein nach + Dativ = to be crazy about. The dem already in the sentence confirms a dative preposition.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "auf would need the accusative here.",
        "b": "für takes the accusative.",
        "c": "in + Dativ means verliebt sein in only with the accusative — a different phrase entirely."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 78,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "eine Rede halten",
      "prompt": "Professor Arnold ___ eine Rede.",
      "options": {
        "a": "ruft",
        "b": "macht",
        "c": "trägt",
        "d": "hält"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Professor Arnold hält eine Rede.",
      "why": "eine Rede halten is the fixed collocation — as is einen Vortrag halten and eine Vorlesung halten.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "rufen means to call out.",
        "b": "machen does not pair with Rede.",
        "c": "tragen would need vor: einen Text vortragen."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 79,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "syntax",
      "rule": "Kontakte knüpfen + zu-Infinitiv",
      "prompt": "Auf dem Unicampus ist es nicht schwer, Kontakte ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "aufmachen",
        "b": "anfangen",
        "c": "herzustellen",
        "d": "zu knüpfen"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "… ist es nicht schwer, Kontakte zu knüpfen.",
      "why": "Two requirements: the collocation is Kontakte knüpfen, and the infinitive clause after es ist nicht schwer needs zu.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "No zu, and aufmachen does not pair with Kontakte.",
        "b": "No zu, and anfangen would need mit.",
        "c": "The zu is right but Kontakt herstellen is technical and takes the singular."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 80,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "im Preis inbegriffen",
      "prompt": "In dem Preis ist der Service schon ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "begriffen",
        "b": "exklusive",
        "c": "bekommen",
        "d": "inbegriffen"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "In dem Preis ist der Service schon inbegriffen.",
      "why": "inbegriffen (or enthalten) means included in the price.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "begriffen alone only survives in im Begriff sein (to be about to); it does not mean included.",
        "b": "exklusive means excluding, the opposite.",
        "c": "bekommen means to receive."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 81,
      "level": "B1",
      "topic": "syntax",
      "rule": "seid → ihr; movement → dorthin",
      "prompt": "Warum seid ___ ___ gefahren?",
      "options": {
        "a": "ihr dort",
        "b": "sie dorthin",
        "c": "sie dort",
        "d": "ihr dorthin"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Warum seid ihr dorthin gefahren?",
      "why": "Two checks. seid only goes with ihr (sie takes sind). And fahren is a movement, so it needs the directional dorthin (to there), not the static dort (there).",
      "traps": {
        "a": "Right subject, but dort does not express direction.",
        "b": "sie does not agree with seid.",
        "c": "Wrong on both counts."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 82,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "idiom",
      "rule": "proverb",
      "prompt": "Jeder ist seines Glückes ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "Fahrer",
        "b": "Schmied",
        "c": "Mann",
        "d": "Frau"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Jeder ist seines Glückes Schmied.",
      "why": "Proverb: everyone forges their own fortune. Note the genitive seines Glückes, preserved from older German.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "Not the proverb.",
        "c": "Not the proverb.",
        "d": "Not the proverb."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 83,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "untersagen = verbieten",
      "prompt": "Das Wort „untersagen“ bedeutet: ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "erlauben",
        "b": "verbieten",
        "c": "akzeptieren",
        "d": "versagen"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "„untersagen“ bedeutet verbieten.",
      "why": "untersagen means to prohibit — formal register, the kind you see on signs: Das Betreten ist untersagt.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "erlauben is the exact opposite.",
        "c": "akzeptieren means to accept.",
        "d": "versagen means to fail — similar shape, different word."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 84,
      "level": "B2",
      "topic": "idiom",
      "rule": "proverb",
      "prompt": "Zu viele ___ verderben den Brei.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Personen",
        "b": "Maschinen",
        "c": "Köche",
        "d": "Spanier"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Zu viele Köche verderben den Brei.",
      "why": "Proverb: too many cooks spoil the broth.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "Not the proverb.",
        "b": "Not the proverb.",
        "d": "Not the proverb."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 85,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "konjunktiv",
      "rule": "past Konjunktiv II: hätte / wäre + Partizip",
      "prompt": "Hättest du auf mich gehört, ___ das nicht passiert.",
      "options": {
        "a": "hätte",
        "b": "wäre",
        "c": "waren",
        "d": "würde"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Hättest du auf mich gehört, wäre das nicht passiert.",
      "why": "Past Konjunktiv II is hätte or wäre + Partizip. Which one? The same auxiliary the verb takes in the Perfekt: es ist passiert → wäre passiert.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "hätte would be right for a haben-verb: hätte funktioniert.",
        "c": "waren is the indicative past.",
        "d": "würde + Partizip is not a valid combination."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 86,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "rektion",
      "rule": "Kritik üben an + Dativ",
      "prompt": "___ der derzeitigen Energiepolitik wurde zu Recht schon viel Kritik geübt.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Über",
        "b": "An",
        "c": "Auf",
        "d": "Für"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "An der derzeitigen Energiepolitik wurde viel Kritik geübt.",
      "why": "Kritik üben an + Dativ is the fixed combination. The dative der … Energiepolitik confirms it.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "über belongs to sich beschweren über or sprechen über.",
        "c": "auf does not combine with Kritik.",
        "d": "für marks purpose or benefit."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 87,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "kasus",
      "rule": "after alle, plural adjectives take -en",
      "prompt": "An dem Wettbewerb haben alle ___ Mitarbeiter teilgenommen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "interessierter",
        "b": "interessierte",
        "c": "interessierten",
        "d": "intressierter"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "… haben alle interessierten Mitarbeiter teilgenommen.",
      "why": "After alle, diese, meine and other determiners, a plural adjective always takes the weak ending -en.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "interessierter is a strong ending with no determiner.",
        "b": "interessierte is the plural form used without a determiner: interessierte Mitarbeiter.",
        "d": "Misspelled — interessiert has two s and two e."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 88,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "am + nominalised infinitive = progressive",
      "prompt": "Ich bin gerade ___ Lernen. Kann ich später noch mal anrufen?",
      "options": {
        "a": "im",
        "b": "am",
        "c": "zum",
        "d": "auf"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Ich bin gerade am Lernen.",
      "why": "am + capitalised infinitive is German's way of saying I am -ing right now: am Arbeiten, am Kochen, am Überlegen. Colloquial but standard.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "im Lernen is not used.",
        "c": "zum marks purpose: zum Lernen brauche ich Ruhe.",
        "d": "auf does not form this construction."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 89,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "rektion",
      "rule": "angewiesen sein auf + Akkusativ",
      "prompt": "Beim Umzug sind wir ___ die Hilfe unserer Freunde angewiesen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "an",
        "b": "für",
        "c": "gegen",
        "d": "auf"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "… sind wir auf die Hilfe unserer Freunde angewiesen.",
      "why": "angewiesen sein auf + Akkusativ = to depend on. The accusative die Hilfe (not der Hilfe) confirms it.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "an would take the dative here.",
        "b": "für does not combine with angewiesen.",
        "c": "gegen means against."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 90,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "wortbildung",
      "rule": "hiesig = local",
      "prompt": "Die ___ Situation gefällt uns nicht.",
      "options": {
        "a": "hier",
        "b": "hierige",
        "c": "hiesige",
        "d": "hiertige"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Die hiesige Situation gefällt uns nicht.",
      "why": "hiesig means local or of this place — an irregular adjective built from hier. Same family: dortig, damalig, heutig, jetzig.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "hier is an adverb and takes no ending.",
        "b": "hierig does not exist.",
        "d": "hiertig does not exist."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 91,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "in Erfüllung gehen",
      "prompt": "Alle unsere Wünsche sind in ___ gegangen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Erfüllung",
        "b": "Anklang",
        "c": "Entscheidung",
        "d": "Ermächtigung"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Alle unsere Wünsche sind in Erfüllung gegangen.",
      "why": "in Erfüllung gehen = to come true. A Funktionsverbgefüge — a fixed noun-plus-verb unit you learn whole.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "Anklang pairs with finden: Anklang finden.",
        "c": "Entscheidung pairs with treffen or fällen.",
        "d": "Ermächtigung means authorisation and does not combine with in … gehen."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 92,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "praep",
      "rule": "trotz + Genitiv (preposition, not adverb or conjunction)",
      "prompt": "___ des guten Wetters ist die Stimmung im Dorf schlecht.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Trotzdem",
        "b": "Obwohl",
        "c": "Trotz",
        "d": "Da"
      },
      "correct": "c",
      "solution": "Trotz des guten Wetters ist die Stimmung im Dorf schlecht.",
      "why": "Three words, three grammars. trotz is a preposition taking the genitive; the genitive des guten Wetters already printed in the sentence tells you it must be one.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "trotzdem is an adverb (nevertheless) and cannot govern a noun.",
        "b": "obwohl is a conjunction and needs a full clause: obwohl das Wetter gut ist.",
        "d": "da is a causal conjunction and also needs a clause."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 93,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "Schwierigkeiten bereiten",
      "prompt": "Der Test hat uns keine Schwierigkeiten ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "angedeutet",
        "b": "geahnt",
        "c": "geraten",
        "d": "bereitet"
      },
      "correct": "d",
      "solution": "Der Test hat uns keine Schwierigkeiten bereitet.",
      "why": "Schwierigkeiten bereiten = to cause difficulties. A fixed pairing, like Freude bereiten, Sorgen bereiten, Probleme bereiten.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "andeuten means to hint at.",
        "b": "ahnen means to suspect and takes a clause.",
        "c": "raten means to advise or to guess."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 94,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "konjunktion",
      "rule": "indem = by doing X",
      "prompt": "Ich bereite mich auf eine Geschäftsreise vor, ___ ich mich bei Freunden nach ihren Erfahrungen erkundige.",
      "options": {
        "a": "demzufolge",
        "b": "indem",
        "c": "dank",
        "d": "innerhalb"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "… vor, indem ich mich bei Freunden nach ihren Erfahrungen erkundige.",
      "why": "indem answers how? — by doing X. It is a subordinating conjunction, so the verb goes to the end, exactly as it does here.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "demzufolge means consequently and is an adverb.",
        "c": "dank is a preposition and needs a noun.",
        "d": "innerhalb is a preposition of time or space."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 95,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "den Wissensstand überprüfen",
      "prompt": "Bei der Untersuchung wurde der Wissensstand der Schüler ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "geeinigt",
        "b": "überprüft",
        "c": "verfügt",
        "d": "abgesprochen"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "… wurde der Wissensstand der Schüler überprüft.",
      "why": "überprüfen means to examine or check — precisely what an Untersuchung does to a Wissensstand.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "sich einigen is reflexive and means to reach agreement.",
        "c": "verfügen means to decree, or with über, to have at one's disposal.",
        "d": "absprechen means to arrange, or to deny someone something."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 96,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "rektion",
      "rule": "sich hineinversetzen in + Akkusativ",
      "prompt": "Bewusstes Lügen erfordert Intelligenz. Ein Lügner muss nicht nur kreativ sein, sondern sich auch in den Adressaten der Lüge ___ können.",
      "options": {
        "a": "abgespielt",
        "b": "hineinversetzen",
        "c": "erbringen",
        "d": "abgehen"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "… sondern sich auch in den Adressaten der Lüge hineinversetzen können.",
      "why": "sich in jemanden hineinversetzen = to put yourself in someone's position. The sich and the in den Adressaten are already in the sentence — only a reflexive verb taking in + Akkusativ fits.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "abgespielt is a participle, but the slot before können needs an infinitive.",
        "c": "erbringen means to produce or deliver (eine Leistung erbringen).",
        "d": "abgehen does not take a reflexive with in."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 97,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "wortschatz",
      "rule": "eine Vorstellung von etwas haben",
      "prompt": "Sie hat eine romantische ___ vom Leben in ritterlichen Burgen.",
      "options": {
        "a": "Einstellung",
        "b": "Vorstellung",
        "c": "Bestellung",
        "d": "Abbestellung"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Sie hat eine romantische Vorstellung vom Leben in ritterlichen Burgen.",
      "why": "eine Vorstellung von etwas haben = to have an idea or mental image of something. The von in the sentence points to it.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "Einstellung means attitude and takes zu: eine Einstellung zu etwas.",
        "c": "Bestellung means an order.",
        "d": "Abbestellung means a cancellation."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 98,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "rektion",
      "rule": "auf etwas zurückzuführen sein",
      "prompt": "In Betrieben sind 70 % aller Fehler am Arbeitsplatz auf mangelnde Kommunikation ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "beruhen",
        "b": "zurückzuführen",
        "c": "mitzuteilen",
        "d": "verbunden"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "… sind 70 % aller Fehler auf mangelnde Kommunikation zurückzuführen.",
      "why": "etwas ist auf etwas zurückzuführen = something is attributable to something. Note the structure too: sein + zu + Infinitiv is a passive with a modal flavour (ist zu erklären = can or must be explained).",
      "traps": {
        "a": "beruhen takes auf but needs a finite form: beruht auf.",
        "c": "mitteilen means to inform someone of something.",
        "d": "verbunden takes mit: mit etwas verbunden sein."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 99,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "wortbildung",
      "rule": "freisprechen = to acquit",
      "prompt": "Der Angeklagte wurde vom Gericht ___ .",
      "options": {
        "a": "freigesprochen",
        "b": "freiabgesprochen",
        "c": "freigesetzt",
        "d": "freibesprochen"
      },
      "correct": "a",
      "solution": "Der Angeklagte wurde vom Gericht freigesprochen.",
      "why": "freisprechen is the legal term for acquitting someone; the participle is freigesprochen.",
      "traps": {
        "b": "Not a word.",
        "c": "freisetzen means to release or to lay off staff.",
        "d": "Not a word."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 100,
      "level": "C1",
      "topic": "wortbildung",
      "rule": "angeboren = innate",
      "prompt": "Kann man Kreativität lernen oder ist sie ___ ?",
      "options": {
        "a": "geboren",
        "b": "angeboren",
        "c": "eingeboren",
        "d": "ausgeboren"
      },
      "correct": "b",
      "solution": "Kann man Kreativität lernen oder ist sie angeboren?",
      "why": "angeboren means innate or inborn — the standard opposite of erlernt, which the first half of the question sets up.",
      "traps": {
        "a": "geboren means born and describes a person, not a trait.",
        "c": "eingeboren is an old word for indigenous.",
        "d": "ausgeboren is not a word."
      }
    }
  ]
}